Pioneer, a name synonymous with quality audio equipment, ventured into the reel-to-reel tape deck market, adding another dimension to their already impressive portfolio. While renowned for their receivers and amplifiers, particularly the highly sought-after tube models and the robust 1970s SX series, Pioneer’s foray into reel-to-reel technology offers a fascinating chapter in their history. This exploration delves into the world of Pioneer Reel To Reel Tape decks, from their early, sometimes temperamental models to the later, more celebrated series that solidified their place in the audiophile landscape.
Early Pioneer Reel to Reel Explorations
Pioneer’s initial steps into reel-to-reel tape decks in the late 1960s and early 1970s resulted in several 7” models, including both single-direction and auto-reverse options. The T-115 and T-6600 (auto-reverse) represented their early consumer-grade offerings. Another notable model from this era was the QT-74, an auto-reverse stereo deck that also boasted quadraphonic single-direction playback, reflecting the burgeoning interest in multi-channel audio.
However, these early Pioneer reel to reel tape decks, much like many of their contemporaries from the late 60s, were not without their quirks. Owners often encountered issues with braking and tape transport mechanisms. While capable of impressive frequency response – reaching up to 20kHz at 7 ½ IPS when functioning correctly and equipped with good heads – their reliability proved inconsistent over the long term. This era served as a learning curve for Pioneer as they navigated the complexities of reel-to-reel technology.
Pioneer Model T-6600 Reel to Reel Tape Deck
The Rise of the RT Series: Pioneer’s 10-Inch Reel Mastery
Pioneer truly made its mark in the reel-to-reel world with the introduction of the RT series. These 10” models, including the RT-1020, RT-1011, and RT-1050, became significantly more popular and are now considered classic examples of pioneer reel to reel tape excellence.
The RT-1011 served as the entry point into Pioneer’s 10” reel offerings. Designed for consumer use, it featured two speeds (3 ¾ and 7 ½ IPS) and standard 4-track recording and playback, accommodating the common tape formats of the time. It was a solid, dependable machine, built with Pioneer’s characteristic attention to quality.
Stepping up from the RT-1011, the RT-1020 maintained a similar aesthetic but incorporated an enhanced feature set. While still recording in stereo, the RT-1020 distinguished itself with a 4-channel playback head, catering to the growing interest in quadraphonic sound. This made it a versatile deck for both standard stereo and immersive quadraphonic listening experiences.
Pioneer RT-1020 Reel to Reel Tape Deck
Positioned towards the semi-professional market, the RT-1050 stood out as Pioneer’s ½ track, high-speed model. Operating at 7 ½ and 15 IPS, it aimed to compete with established brands like Teac/Tascam, Otari, and Fostex in studios and among serious audio enthusiasts. Despite utilizing RCA input and output jacks, more commonly found in consumer equipment, the RT-1050’s high-speed capability and ½ track format signaled its professional aspirations. While not as widely sold as other RT series models, the RT-1050 remains a sought-after pioneer reel to reel tape deck for its performance and relative rarity.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Early RT Series
These early RT series decks, while popular, possessed both notable strengths and weaknesses that are important for collectors and enthusiasts to consider:
Strengths:
- Robust 3-Motor Direct Drive System: Employing a 3-motor design, these decks utilized direct drive for the reel motors, contributing to their reliability. While the capstan motor belt and counter belt were prone to degradation, they are easily replaceable, simplifying maintenance.
- Excellent Sonic Performance: When equipped with heads in good condition, these decks delivered impressive sound quality.
- Durability and Longevity: The fact that many Pioneer RT decks encountered for servicing exhibit significantly worn heads speaks volumes about their heavy use and inherent durability. The steel heads, if not excessively worn, could often be lapped or replaced, extending the lifespan of the deck.
- Practical and Uncomplicated Design: The RT series offered a straightforward, no-frills approach to 10” reel-to-reel operation, appealing to users seeking reliable performance without unnecessary complexity.
Weaknesses:
- Transistor Issues: Similar to Akai decks of the era that suffered from problematic 2SC458 transistors, these Pioneer RT models were plagued by failure-prone 2SC1344 transistors. These transistors are known to cause distortion or intermittent channel dropouts and require proactive replacement for reliable operation.
- Steel Head Wear: The standard steel heads were susceptible to developing grooves with regular use. This wear could lead to a loss of high-frequency response as the tape loses consistent contact within the worn groove. Head lapping can often mitigate this issue.
- Microswitch Failures: The microswitches behind the function buttons, particularly the ‘play’ button, were prone to failure due to arcing and pitting caused by the current load. These specific switches often necessitate sourcing replacements from online marketplaces like eBay.
- Function Switch Mechanism Corrosion: The locking mechanisms of the function switches could corrode, leading to button lock-up or a permanently engaged stop button. While disassembly and lubrication can usually resolve this, accessing the switch PCB can be challenging.
The Rack-Mount Elegance of the RT-701, RT-707, RT-901, and RT-909 Series
Pioneer expanded their reel-to-reel lineup with a series of silver (and rarer black) rack-mountable models, further cementing their position in the high-fidelity audio market. This series included the 7” RT-701 (single-direction) and RT-707 (auto-reverse), along with their 10” counterparts, the RT-901 (single-direction) and RT-909 (auto-reverse). The popularity of these models warrants individual attention.
Designed to integrate seamlessly into Pioneer’s prestigious ‘Spec’ series rack systems, these decks offered both aesthetic appeal and high performance. While ventilation within fully loaded racks could be limited, the visual impact of these rack-mounted pioneer reel to reel tape decks was undeniable. Their standard 19” rack compatibility further enhanced their appeal to a broader range of users.
Despite their similar external appearance, the internal architecture of the 701/707 and 901/909 series differed significantly. The RT-707 employed a direct-drive capstan motor, known for its reliability, along with direct-drive reel motors. Like earlier models, the RT-701/707 series utilized steel heads, often requiring lapping to address wear-induced level fluctuations. Pinch roller rubber and belts in these models are known to degrade over time, and the pinch rollers themselves can seize due to accumulated residue on the shafts. Regular cleaning and maintenance are crucial for optimal performance.
Pioneer 701/707 Reel to Reel Tape Deck Series
Pioneer 701/707 Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths:
- Reliability and Sound Quality: Generally dependable and capable of delivering excellent audio reproduction.
- High-End Performance Options: Offered a high-quality reel-to-reel experience with options for both single-direction and auto-reverse playback.
- Serviceability: Generally straightforward to service, with relatively few electronic issues.
- Reliable Motors: Motors are typically robust and long-lasting.
Weaknesses:
- Rubber Component Degradation: Original pinch rollers and counter belts are prone to failure and typically require replacement.
- Pinch Roller Bearing Issues: Pinch roller bearings can become sticky due to hardened grease, but this is easily remedied with cleaning.
- Forward/Reverse Indicator Lamp Failures (RT-707): The indicator lamps for forward and reverse operation on the RT-707 often burn out and are commonly replaced with more durable LEDs.
Pioneer RT-901/909: The Flagship Reel to Reel Experience
The RT-909, in particular, became the most sought-after 10” pioneer reel to reel tape deck and represented the pinnacle of Pioneer’s reel-to-reel technology for many enthusiasts. Sharing the striking aesthetics of the 70X series, the RT-909, especially when paired with the iconic 10” Pioneer reels, exuded a high-end appeal that continues to captivate vintage audio aficionados. The rare black version of the RT-909 is particularly prized and commands a premium in the collector’s market.
The Rare Black Pioneer RT-909 Reel to Reel Tape Deck
The RT-901 and RT-909 models marked a departure from the 70X series in terms of internal design and componentry. Employing more logic circuitry via a dedicated PCB behind the function buttons, these decks were more complex in their operation. The transport mechanism also differed, utilizing trimpots for tape tension adjustment instead of the power resistors found in the 70X series.
The RT-90X series featured a smaller 24-volt capstan motor, shared with many Teac decks. Crucially, these models were dual-capstan, requiring a capstan belt of precise thickness and diameter for proper function. Incorrect belt specifications, unfortunately found in some cross-reference guides, could lead to tape handling issues and tension problems. Identifying the correct belt is essential for optimal performance. The capstan motors in the 90X series are brush-type motors, subject to wear over time. The price of replacement motors has increased significantly in recent years due to demand and diminishing availability. A stretched or improperly installed capstan belt can also cause motor burnout if it wraps around the motor pulley and stalls the motor.
Troubleshooting the logic board, tape transport board, and fluorescent meter logic board (TTL-based) in the RT-90X series can be challenging due to their complexity. While replacement boards can often be found on eBay, the logic board is particularly difficult to access and replace. Despite these complexities, a properly serviced RT-90X deck with well-maintained heads remains a highly desirable addition to any vintage stereo system, offering exceptional performance and iconic aesthetics.
Pioneer RT-90X Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths:
- High-Performance and Reliability (when serviced): Capable of stellar audio performance and generally reliable when properly maintained.
- Iconic Aesthetics: The blue fluorescent VU meter display and overall design are highly appealing and match other Pioneer components of the era.
Weaknesses:
- Capstan Motor Vulnerabilities: Susceptible to damage or failure due to degraded belts and pinch roller rubber.
- Capstan Motor Durability: Capstan motors are somewhat weaker compared to other components.
- Tape Tension Lever Seizure: Tape tension levers can become stiff due to degraded grease.
- Steel Head Wear: Steel heads are prone to wear with prolonged use.
- Complex Electronics: Logic and VU meter PCBs can be difficult to diagnose and repair.
- End-of-Tape Microswitch Failures: End-of-tape microswitches can fail due to corrosion and wear, although replacements are relatively easy to source.
Pioneer RT-2022/2044: The Semi-Pro and “Portable” High-End Decks
The RT-2022 and RT-2044 models represent a less common chapter in the pioneer reel to reel tape story. Based on the RT-1050 transport, these decks were offered in ½ track (RT-2022) and 4-track (4-channel, RT-2044) configurations. Operating at high speeds (7 ½ and 15 IPS), they were Pioneer’s attempt to penetrate the semi-professional market while also offering a unique “portable” high-end option.
These decks featured front-panel bias and equalization adjustments, along with microphone and line mixing capabilities, enhancing their versatility. A distinctive feature was the availability of deck covers that snapped onto the front of both the transport and electronics sections, complete with carrying handles. This design aimed to provide a degree of portability for a high-performance reel-to-reel system. However, finding intact front covers is rare, as they were constructed from pressboard, making them susceptible to damage. Head performance was comparable to the RT-10XX series, delivering similar sound quality.
A significant weakness of the RT-2022/2044 models lies in the specialized multi-pin cables connecting the preamplifier units to the transport. These cables are notoriously difficult to replace if lost, as the connectors are no longer manufactured. Interestingly, similar connectors were used in early Sony reel-to-reel video recorders for connections between decks and video monitors.
Pioneer RT-2022 Reel to Reel Tape Deck System
Conclusion: The Enduring Appeal of Pioneer Reel to Reel Tape Decks
Pioneer’s journey into pioneer reel to reel tape technology resulted in a diverse range of decks, from early experiments to highly refined and sought-after models. While early models presented some reliability challenges, the RT series, and particularly the RT-70X and RT-90X series, established Pioneer as a major player in the reel-to-reel market. Their combination of robust construction, excellent sound quality, and iconic aesthetics ensures their continued appeal to vintage audio enthusiasts and collectors today. Whether seeking a reliable entry-level deck or a flagship high-performance machine, the world of Pioneer reel-to-reel offers something for every discerning audiophile.
