What Is Wireless Network Technology And How Does It Work?

Wireless network technology is a game-changer that allows devices to connect without cables; explore its definition, applications, and advantages, all explained by pioneer-technology.com, and discover how it’s shaping our future.

Wireless network technology is a system that enables devices like computers, smartphones, and other gadgets to connect and communicate without the need for physical cables; This offers greater flexibility and mobility. To discover its applications and advantages, explore pioneer-technology.com for the insights you need. Understanding wireless network technology, including Wi-Fi standards and network security, is crucial in today’s connected world.

1. What Is Wireless Network Technology?

Wireless network technology is a system that allows devices to connect and communicate without cables. It uses radio waves or other wireless signals to transmit data, enabling devices like smartphones, laptops, and smart home devices to connect to the internet and each other.

Wireless network technology is a revolutionary method that has transformed how we interact with the digital world, facilitating connectivity and communication without physical cables. This technology utilizes radio waves or other wireless signals to transmit data between devices, offering increased convenience and mobility. According to a report by Cisco, global mobile data traffic is expected to reach 77.5 exabytes per month by 2024, underscoring the growing reliance on wireless technology.

1.1. What Are The Key Components Of A Wireless Network?

The key components of a wireless network include clients and access points. Clients are the end-user devices like laptops and smartphones, while access points (APs) act as bridges, connecting wireless devices to a wired network.

To understand the structure of a wireless network, it’s important to understand the function of each component. Clients, which include mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers, are the end-user devices we use every day to connect to the network. These devices use Wi-Fi to connect, enabling users to move around without losing their connection to the network. For example, in a busy office or warehouse, wireless networks allow workers to move around while staying connected, which is very important for tasks like scanning packages for shipping.

According to a study by the Wi-Fi Alliance, Wi-Fi 6E, which uses the 6 GHz band, will contribute $18.3 billion to the U.S. economy in 2021.

Access Points (APs) are devices that provide Wi-Fi connectivity by broadcasting a network name, known as a Service Set Identifier (SSID). When users connect to this network, their traffic is usually routed to a local-area network (LAN), such as an Ethernet wired network, which connects them to the wider network or the Internet.

1.2. How Does A Wireless Network Work?

A wireless network works by sending signals using radio waves. An access point broadcasts a network name (SSID), and devices within range can connect to it after authentication. Data is converted into radio signals, transmitted, and then converted back into data on the receiving end.

In a Wi-Fi network, the Access Point (AP) broadcasts the network’s name, or Service Set Identifier (SSID), allowing users to see available networks on their devices. The AP sends out beacons, which are like announcements saying, “Hello, there is a network here, and you can join if this is the network you’re looking for.” When a client device gets a beacon from the AP, it converts the radio frequency (RF) signal into digital data, which the device then analyzes. If a user wishes to connect to the network, the device sends messages to the AP to join, and it must provide the correct credentials to prove it has permission to join if security is enabled. Association and authentication are the names given to these processes. The device will not be able to connect to the network or communicate with the AP if either of these processes fails.

Once connected, data from the client is converted from digital data to an RF modulated signal and sent over the air. The signal is demodulated, converted back to digital data, and sent to its destination, which is often the Internet or a resource on the larger internal network.

Wi-Fi communication is permitted only on specific frequencies, which are typically the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands in most parts of the world, while some countries are also adding 6 GHz frequencies. These frequency bands are different from those used by cellular networks, so cell phones and Wi-Fi do not compete for the same frequencies. However, this does not rule out the possibility of other technologies operating in these bands.

The 2.4GHz band, in particular, is used by a variety of products, including Bluetooth, ZigBee, cordless keyboards, and A/V equipment, all of which can interfere with one another. For further details, visit pioneer-technology.com.

1.3. What Are The Benefits Of Wireless Network Technology?

Wireless network technology offers numerous benefits, including increased mobility, ease of installation, and scalability. It allows users to stay connected from various locations without the constraints of cables, making it ideal for both personal and professional use.

Here’s a detailed look at the benefits:

Increased Mobility: One of the most important benefits of wireless network technology is that it makes people more mobile. Users can stay connected from a variety of locations without having to use cables. This is great for both work and personal use because it allows people to work from home, stay connected while traveling, and access resources from different parts of an office or campus. According to a 2023 study by the Pew Research Center, 90% of American adults use the Internet, and a large number of them rely on mobile devices to do so.
Ease of Installation: Wireless networks are easier to set up than wired networks. There is no need for extensive cabling, which can save time and money. Wireless setups are especially beneficial in older buildings where installing new cables can be difficult or impossible. You can find step-by-step setup guides and advice on pioneer-technology.com to make installation even easier.
Scalability: Wireless networks can be easily scaled to accommodate more devices and users. Adding new devices to a wireless network is simple, making it an excellent choice for growing businesses or households. This flexibility is important as our connectivity needs grow, so the network can grow to meet those needs.
Cost Savings: Wireless networks can save money in the long run by reducing the need for cabling and maintenance. Wireless networks also cut down on the costs of moving or reorganizing offices because there are fewer physical restrictions.
Enhanced Collaboration: Wireless networks improve teamwork by allowing users to easily share files, connect to shared resources, and communicate. This is very important in today’s fast-paced business world, where effective communication and collaboration are crucial for success.
Support for IoT Devices: Wireless networks are essential for supporting the growing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Smart home appliances, wearable technology, and industrial sensors all rely on wireless connectivity to function properly. Wireless technology makes it easy to integrate and manage these devices.
Guest Access: Wireless networks make it easy to give guests access to the Internet without giving them access to the main network. This is important for both security and convenience in places like coffee shops, hotels, and offices.
Aesthetic Appeal: Wireless networks make homes and businesses look better because there are no cables to get in the way. This neat look can improve the overall atmosphere and make the space more user-friendly.

Wireless network technology makes our lives easier and more efficient in many ways. Check out pioneer-technology.com for more information and advice on how to use wireless networks to their full potential.

1.4. What Are The Limitations Of Wireless Network Technology?

Despite its advantages, wireless network technology has limitations, including security vulnerabilities, limited range, and potential interference from other devices. These factors can affect network performance and reliability.

Although wireless network technology has many advantages, it is important to be aware of its limitations in order to make educated decisions about network design and security.

Here’s a closer look at the drawbacks:

Security Issues: Wireless networks are more vulnerable to security threats than wired networks. Because data is sent over the air, it is possible for unauthorized people to intercept it. To protect sensitive information, strong encryption methods such as WPA3 are needed.
Limited Range: The range of a wireless network is limited by the power of the access point and the presence of physical obstacles such as walls and floors. This can cause dead zones where the signal is weak or nonexistent. To increase coverage, it may be necessary to install additional access points.
Interference: Wireless networks can be disrupted by other devices that use the same frequencies, such as Bluetooth devices, microwaves, and other wireless networks. Interference can slow down network speeds and make connections less stable. The 2.4 GHz band is especially prone to interference.
Bandwidth Constraints: Wireless networks have less bandwidth than wired networks. This means that wireless networks may have trouble handling high-bandwidth applications like video streaming and large file transfers, especially when many devices are connected at the same time.
Dependence on Power: Wireless networks need electricity to work. During power outages, wireless networks may go down unless there is a backup power source like a generator or UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply). This dependence can be a problem in places where power outages are common.
Latency: Wireless networks can have higher latency than wired networks. Latency is the amount of time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. High latency can be a problem for real-time applications like online gaming and video conferencing.
Complexity: Setting up and maintaining a wireless network can be more complicated than setting up and maintaining a wired network. Wireless networks need to be configured, secured, and monitored on a regular basis. IT staff with the right skills are needed for this.
Health Concerns: Some people worry about the health effects of being exposed to radio frequency (RF) radiation from wireless devices. Although the scientific consensus is that RF radiation levels from Wi-Fi devices are safe, some people may still be worried.
Compatibility Issues: Wireless devices may not always work with older wireless standards. This can cause problems when trying to connect new devices to older networks. It is important to make sure that all devices and access points are compatible with the same wireless standards.

While wireless network technology offers great convenience and flexibility, it is important to be aware of these limitations. You can make better decisions about your network by understanding these problems and taking steps to reduce their effects.

1.5. How Can You Secure A Wireless Network?

Securing a wireless network involves using strong passwords, enabling encryption (WPA3 is the latest standard), hiding the network name (SSID), and regularly updating firmware. Implementing these measures helps protect against unauthorized access and data breaches.

Securing your wireless network is critical in today’s digital world to protect personal information and prevent unauthorized access.

Here are some important steps to take:

Use a Strong Password: Make sure your Wi-Fi network has a strong, unique password. Avoid using common words, personal information, or default passwords. A strong password should be a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.
Enable Encryption: Use Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3), the most recent and secure encryption standard. WPA3 makes it harder for hackers to get into your network by making encryption stronger and adding protection against brute-force attacks. If WPA3 isn’t available, use WPA2 with AES encryption.
Hide Your Network Name (SSID): Turn off SSID broadcasting to make your network harder to find. When you hide your SSID, your network won’t show up in the list of available Wi-Fi networks on devices. To connect, users will need to manually enter the network name.
Enable MAC Address Filtering: Media Access Control (MAC) address filtering lets you limit network access to only devices with approved MAC addresses. While this method isn’t foolproof, it adds another layer of security by making it harder for unauthorized devices to connect to your network.
Keep Firmware Updated: Keep the firmware on your wireless router up to date. Firmware updates often include bug fixes, security patches, and performance improvements. Manufacturers release these updates to fix known security flaws and protect your network from new threats.
Use a Firewall: Turn on the firewall on your router to keep unwanted traffic from getting to your network. A firewall acts as a barrier between your network and the Internet, blocking dangerous connections and monitoring network traffic for suspicious activity.
Disable WPS: Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a feature that makes it easy to connect devices to your network, but it can be a security risk. It is best to turn off WPS because it can be hacked with brute-force attacks.
Enable Guest Network: Set up a guest network for visitors to give them Internet access without giving them access to your main network. This keeps your main network safe by keeping guest devices apart from your personal and sensitive data.
Monitor Network Activity: Keep an eye on your network activity for anything unusual. Look for devices you don’t know, large amounts of data being sent, or other strange behavior. You can use network monitoring tools to find and fix security problems.
Change Default Settings: Change the default settings on your router, such as the username and password. Hackers often know the default settings, so changing them makes it harder for them to get into your network.
Physical Security: Keep your wireless router in a safe spot to keep people from changing it or getting to it without permission. Keep the router in a locked room or cabinet to keep people from getting to it.
Educate Users: Teach your family and employees about the risks of using wireless networks and how to stay safe online. Talk about the risks of phishing scams, dangerous websites, and unsecured downloads.
Regular Security Audits: Do regular security checks on your wireless network to find and fix any problems. This could mean using network scanning tools to look for vulnerabilities, testing the strength of your passwords, and making sure your security measures are working.

You can protect your wireless network from unwanted access and security threats by taking these steps. Keeping your network safe needs constant attention and regular updates to deal with new risks. You can find more tips and tools for securing your network on pioneer-technology.com.

2. What Are The Different Types Of Wireless Network Technology?

There are several types of wireless network technology, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G), and satellite internet. Each type has different characteristics, speeds, and uses.

Wireless network technology comes in many forms, each with features that make it useful for different things. Here’s a closer look at the most common types:

2.1. Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is one of the most widely used wireless technologies, providing high-speed internet access within a limited range. It is commonly used in homes, offices, and public hotspots.

Wi-Fi, which stands for Wireless Fidelity, is a popular wireless technology that lets devices connect to the internet without wires. Wi-Fi uses radio waves to send data between devices and a wireless router, which is linked to the internet. Wi-Fi is based on the IEEE 802.11 standards, which set the rules for how wireless networks work.

Wi-Fi is used in many places, including homes, offices, coffee shops, airports, and schools, which makes it easy for people to get online almost anywhere. Wi-Fi networks can be set up and used in a number of ways, such as:

Home Networks: Wi-Fi lets multiple devices, like laptops, tablets, smartphones, and smart home devices, connect to the internet at the same time in homes.
Office Networks: Wi-Fi networks let workers access the internet, share files, and work together without being tied to their desks.
Public Hotspots: Wi-Fi hotspots in public places like coffee shops, airports, and hotels let people get online when they’re on the go.
Enterprise Networks: Large companies use Wi-Fi to give their workers safe, high-speed wireless access to business resources.

Wi-Fi has a lot of good things going for it, such as:

High Speed: Wi-Fi can send data at high speeds, which makes it suitable for bandwidth-intensive tasks like streaming video, playing online games, and sending large files.
Convenience: Wi-Fi is easy to use and set up, which makes it a good choice for both home and business users.
Compatibility: Most modern devices work with Wi-Fi, which makes it easy to connect to wireless networks.
Cost-Effective: Wi-Fi is an affordable way to get internet access, especially when compared to cellular data plans.

But Wi-Fi also has its drawbacks:

Limited Range: Wi-Fi networks only work within a certain range, which is usually limited by the power of the wireless router and any physical obstacles.
Security Risks: Wi-Fi networks are open to security risks if they are not properly secured. Hackers can intercept data sent over Wi-Fi networks if they don’t have encryption and strong passwords.
Interference: Wi-Fi signals can be disrupted by other devices that use the same radio frequencies, like microwaves, Bluetooth devices, and other wireless networks.

Wi-Fi technology keeps getting better, with new standards like Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) and Wi-Fi 6E adding faster speeds, more capacity, and better performance in crowded areas.

Wi-Fi is still an important part of how we connect to the internet in many different situations. Knowing how Wi-Fi works and how to keep it safe is important for getting the most out of this technology. For more information and tips on how to improve your Wi-Fi network, visit pioneer-technology.com.

2.2. Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology used for connecting devices like headphones, speakers, and smartphones. It is ideal for personal area networks (PANs) and low-power applications.

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that makes it easy for devices to talk to each other without needing wires. It is based on short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz. Bluetooth was created by Ericsson in 1994 as a replacement for RS-232 cables. It can be used to connect multiple devices over short distances. Bluetooth is handled by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), which has over 35,000 member companies in the areas of telecommunications, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.

Bluetooth is used in many different ways, such as:

Audio Devices: Bluetooth is often used to connect wireless headphones, earbuds, and speakers to smartphones, tablets, and computers.
Mobile Devices: Bluetooth is used to connect smartphones and tablets to other devices like printers, keyboards, and mice. It is also used to send files between devices.
Automotive: Bluetooth is used in cars for hands-free calling, streaming music, and connecting to navigation systems.
Wearable Technology: Smartwatches, fitness trackers, and other wearable devices use Bluetooth to connect to smartphones and share data.
Internet of Things (IoT): Bluetooth is used to connect smart home devices like lights, thermostats, and locks to smartphones and home automation systems.

Bluetooth has a lot of good things going for it, such as:

Wireless Convenience: Bluetooth makes it easy to connect devices without needing wires, which makes it easy to set up and use.
Low Power Consumption: Bluetooth is made to use very little power, which makes it ideal for battery-powered devices like headphones and wearable tech.
Wide Compatibility: Most modern devices work with Bluetooth, which makes it easy to connect to a wide range of devices.
Secure Communication: Bluetooth uses encryption and authentication to keep data safe when it is sent between devices.

But Bluetooth also has its drawbacks:

Limited Range: Bluetooth devices usually only work within a certain range, which is usually around 10 meters (33 feet) for Class 2 devices.
Lower Bandwidth: Bluetooth has less bandwidth than Wi-Fi, so it’s not as good for high-bandwidth tasks like streaming video.
Interference: Bluetooth signals can be disrupted by other devices that use the same radio frequencies, like Wi-Fi routers and microwaves.

Bluetooth technology keeps getting better, with new versions like Bluetooth 5 adding longer ranges, faster speeds, and better ability to handle multiple connections at the same time.

Bluetooth is still an important part of how we connect devices over short distances in a lot of different situations. Knowing how Bluetooth works and how to use it safely can help you get the most out of this technology. For more information and tips on how to use Bluetooth devices, visit pioneer-technology.com.

2.3. Cellular Networks (3G, 4G, 5G)

Cellular networks provide wide-area wireless coverage, allowing mobile devices to connect to the internet and make calls. 5G is the latest generation, offering significantly faster speeds and lower latency than previous generations.

Cellular networks are wireless communication networks that let mobile devices like smartphones and tablets connect to the internet and make phone calls over large areas. These networks are set up by cell towers or base stations that split a region into cells, so mobile devices can connect to the nearest tower. There have been several generations of cellular technology, each with faster speeds and better ways to do things. 3G, 4G, and 5G are the most common ones right now.

3G (Third Generation): 3G was the first cellular technology to offer fast enough data speeds for things like web browsing, email, and streaming music. 3G networks use technologies like UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and CDMA2000 (Code Division Multiple Access 2000). 3G networks usually have speeds of about 2 Mbps, which made mobile internet access much better than 2G networks.
4G (Fourth Generation): 4G networks, especially LTE (Long Term Evolution), brought much faster data speeds and better performance than 3G. 4G networks were made for mobile broadband access, so people could do things like stream high-definition video, play online games, and use video conferencing. 4G networks usually have speeds of about 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps, which makes them much faster and more responsive than 3G networks.
5G (Fifth Generation): 5G is the newest cellular technology, and it offers even faster speeds, lower latency, and more capacity than 4G. 5G networks use new technologies like millimeter wave (mmWave), massive MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output), and network slicing to reach data speeds of up to 10 Gbps. 5G networks are made to enable new uses like self-driving cars, augmented reality, the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart cities.

Cellular networks are used in many different ways, such as:

Mobile Communication: Cellular networks let people make phone calls, send text messages, and use mobile data on their smartphones and tablets.
Internet Access: Cellular networks give mobile devices internet access, so people can browse the web, check their email, use social media, and stream content.
IoT Connectivity: Cellular networks let IoT devices like sensors, trackers, and smart devices send data and talk to each other.
Emergency Services: Cellular networks are used for emergency communication, so people can call for help and send information to first responders.

Cellular networks have a lot of good things going for them, such as:

Wide Coverage: Cellular networks offer wide coverage, so people can stay connected even when they’re on the go.
High Speed: Cellular networks, especially 4G and 5G, offer fast data speeds that are suitable for a wide range of uses.
Reliability: Cellular networks are made to be reliable, so people can stay connected even when there are a lot of users or bad weather.

But cellular networks also have their drawbacks:

Cost: Cellular data plans can be costly, especially if you use a lot of data.
Coverage Gaps: Cellular coverage can be spotty in some places, especially in rural areas or inside buildings.
Battery Drain: Using cellular data can use up a lot of battery power, especially if you’re streaming video or using other bandwidth-intensive apps.

Cellular network technology is always getting better, with new standards and technologies being made to add faster speeds, more capacity, and better coverage.

Cellular networks are still an important part of how we stay connected in today’s mobile world. Knowing how cellular networks work and how to get the most out of them can help you stay connected and productive when you’re on the go. For more information and tips on how to improve your cellular network experience, visit pioneer-technology.com.

2.4. Satellite Internet

Satellite internet provides internet access to remote areas where other forms of internet connectivity are not available. It uses satellites in orbit to transmit data to and from users.

Satellite Internet is a type of wireless internet service that uses satellites orbiting Earth to provide internet access. It is especially useful in rural and remote areas where cable or fiber optic internet connections are not available. Satellite internet works by sending data from a user’s satellite dish to a satellite in space, which then sends the data to an internet service provider (ISP) ground station. The ground station then sends the data to the internet, and the process is reversed for data sent from the internet to the user.

Satellite internet is used in many different ways, such as:

Rural Internet Access: Satellite internet provides internet access to people who live in rural and remote areas where other types of internet connections are not available.
Emergency Communication: Satellite internet is used for emergency communication when other types of communication networks are down.
Maritime Connectivity: Satellite internet is used to provide internet access to ships and other vessels at sea.
Remote Business Operations: Satellite internet is used to provide internet access to businesses that operate in remote areas, such as mining and logging companies.

Satellite internet has a lot of good things going for it, such as:

Wide Coverage: Satellite internet has wide coverage, so it can be used in almost any location on Earth.
Accessibility: Satellite internet is available to people who can’t get other types of internet connections.
Quick Deployment: Satellite internet can be set up quickly, which makes it a good choice for temporary locations or emergency situations.

But satellite internet also has its drawbacks:

High Latency: Satellite internet has high latency, which means that it takes a long time for data to travel from the user to the satellite and back. This can make online gaming and video conferencing difficult.
Weather Sensitive: Satellite internet can be affected by weather conditions such as rain, snow, and clouds.
Limited Bandwidth: Satellite internet has limited bandwidth, which means that it may not be suitable for bandwidth-intensive applications such as streaming video.
Cost: Satellite internet can be costly, especially when compared to other types of internet connections.

Satellite internet technology is always getting better, with new satellites being launched to add faster speeds and better coverage. Companies like Starlink are using low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to lower latency and add performance.

Satellite internet is still an important way to get internet access in remote and rural areas. Knowing how satellite internet works and how to get the most out of it can help you stay connected when you can’t get other types of internet connections. For more information and tips on how to improve your satellite internet experience, visit pioneer-technology.com.

3. What Are The Key Wi-Fi Network Standards?

Key Wi-Fi network standards include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6). Each standard offers different speeds, frequencies, and features, with newer standards providing improved performance.

The networking standard that wireless architecture uses is IEEE 802.11. This standard is constantly being improved, and new changes are made on a regular basis. Letters are given to changes to the standard. Here are some of the most well-known ones, even though there have been many:

3.1. 802.11a

The 802.11a standard added support for the 5 GHz band, allowing transmission up to 54 megabits of data per second. The 802.11a standard makes use of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). It splits the radio signal into sub-signals before they get to a receiver. 802.11a is an older standard and has been largely replaced by newer technology.

802.11a is an older wireless networking standard that works in the 5 GHz frequency band. It was approved in 1999 and can send data at speeds of up to 54 Mbps. 802.11a uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which splits the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals to make data transmission more reliable and efficient.

Here are some of the most important things about 802.11a:

Frequency Band: 802.11a works in the 5 GHz frequency band, which has more channels and less interference than the 2.4 GHz band used by older standards like 802.11b and 802.11g.
Data Speed: 802.11a can send data at speeds of up to 54 Mbps, which made it much faster than older standards like 802.11b.
OFDM: 802.11a uses OFDM, which splits the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals to make data transmission more reliable and efficient.
Range: 802.11a has a shorter range than older standards like 802.11b and 802.11g because it works in the 5 GHz frequency band, which has higher attenuation (signal loss) than the 2.4 GHz band.
Compatibility: 802.11a is not compatible with older standards like 802.11b and 802.11g, which means that devices that support 802.11a may not be able to connect to older wireless networks.

Even though 802.11a was faster than older standards, it didn’t become as popular because it had a shorter range and wasn’t compatible with older devices. Later, newer standards like 802.11n and 802.11ac came out that offered even faster speeds and better compatibility.

3.2. 802.11b

802.11b added faster rates in the 2.4GHz band to the original standard. It can pass up to 11 megabits of data in a second. It uses complementary code keying (CCK) modulation to achieve better speeds. 802.11b is an older standard and has been largely replaced by newer technology.

802.11b is an early wireless networking standard that works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. It was approved in 1999 and can send data at speeds of up to 11 Mbps. 802.11b uses complementary code keying (CCK) modulation to improve speeds.

Here are some of the most important things about 802.11b:

Frequency Band: 802.11b works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, which is also used by other devices like microwaves, Bluetooth devices, and cordless phones. This can cause interference and slow down network speeds.
Data Speed: 802.11b can send data at speeds of up to 11 Mbps, which was much faster than the original 802.11 standard but slower than newer standards like 802.11a.
CCK Modulation: 802.11b uses CCK modulation to improve speeds. CCK modulation is a way of encoding data that makes it less likely to be corrupted by noise and interference.
Range: 802.11b has a longer range than newer standards like 802.11a because it works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, which has lower attenuation (signal loss) than the 5 GHz band.
Compatibility: 802.11b is compatible with the original 802.11 standard, which means that devices that support 802.11b can connect to older wireless networks.

802.11b was one of the first popular wireless networking standards, and it helped make Wi-Fi more popular in homes and businesses. But it has been mostly replaced by newer standards like 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11ac, which offer faster speeds and better performance.

3.3. 802.11g

802.11g standardized the use of OFDM technology used in 802.11a in the 2.4GHz band. It was backwards compatible with both 802.11 and 802.11b. 802.11g is an older standard and has been largely replaced by newer technology.

802.11g is a wireless networking standard that works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. It was approved in 2003 and can send data at speeds of up to 54 Mbps. 802.11g uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), which is the same modulation technique used by 802.11a, but it works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band instead of the 5 GHz band.

Here are some of the most important things about 802.11g:

Frequency Band: 802.11g works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, which is also used by other devices like microwaves, Bluetooth devices, and cordless phones. This can cause interference and slow down network speeds.
Data Speed: 802.11g can send data at speeds of up to 54 Mbps, which is the same as 802.11a and much faster than 802.11b.
OFDM: 802.11g uses OFDM, which splits the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals to make data transmission more reliable and efficient.
Range: 802.11g has a longer range than 802.11a because it works in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, which has lower attenuation (signal loss) than the 5 GHz band.
Compatibility: 802.11g is backward compatible with 802.11b, which means that devices that support 802.11g can connect to older wireless networks that use 802.11b.

802.11g was a popular wireless networking standard because it offered faster speeds than 802.11b and had a longer range than 802.11a. But it has been mostly replaced by newer standards like 802.11n and 802.11ac, which offer even faster speeds and better performance.

3.4. 802.11n

Once the most popular standard 802.11n was the first time a unified specification covered both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. This protocol offers better speed when compared to those that came before it by leveraging the idea of transmitting using multiple antennas simultaneously (usually called Multiple In Multiple Out or MIMO technology). 802.11n is an older standard, but some older devices may still be found in use.

802.11n is a wireless networking standard that works in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. It was approved in 2009 and can send data at speeds of up to 600 Mbps. 802.11n uses multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which uses multiple antennas to send and receive data at the same time.

Here are some of the most important things about 802.11n:

Frequency Bands: 802.11n works in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, which gives it more flexibility than older standards like 802.11b and 802.11g that only work in the 2.4 GHz band.
Data Speed: 802.11n can send data at speeds of up to 600 Mbps